According to historical and cultural evidence, the Caucasus has historical commonalities and long-standing cultural ties with Iran and its people. One of these common areas that have created many bilateral effects on the cultural and historical relations between Iranians and the Caucasus nation, is literary issues and the field of poetic origins and research related to language and literature. Critical studies of the works of writers such as Nezami Ganjavi, Khaghani Shervani, Mujir Belqani, Vale Daghestani, etc. show that the poetic language of these speakers cannot begin with these poets and reach the peak of maturity in their speech. Undoubtedly, there has been a tradition and a history, and hundreds of thousands of artists and virtuous people have been involved in artistic creation before, so that great people such as Khaghani, Nezami, and Mujir could emerge from among them. In this regard, one of the most important branches of the Persian language and literature in the Caucasus is the writing of Persian grammar books and dictionaries. An in-depth look at the historical course of the authorship of these books shows that the pioneers of compiling books on dictionaries and Persian grammar were the Caucasians. The region of the Caucasus plays a very important role in the history of compiling grammar books. This region was either the motherland of the authors or the host of the non-native authors who settled in that area..

According to historical and cultural evidence, the Caucasus has historical commonalities and long-standing cultural ties with Iran and its people. One of these common areas that have created many bilateral effects on the cultural and historical relations between Iranians and the Caucasus nation, is literary issues and the field of poetic origins and research related to language and literature. Critical studies of the works of writers such as Nezami Ganjavi, Khaghani Shervani, Mujir Belqani, Vale Daghestani, etc. show that the poetic language of these speakers cannot begin with these poets and reach the peak of maturity in their speech. Undoubtedly, there has been a tradition and a history, and hundreds of thousands of artists and virtuous people have been involved in artistic creation before, so that great people such as Khaghani, Nezami, and Mujir could emerge from among them. In this regard, one of the most important branches of the Persian language and literature in the Caucasus is the writing of Persian grammar books and dictionaries. An in-depth look at the historical course of the authorship of these books shows that the pioneers of compiling books on dictionaries and Persian grammar were the Caucasians. The region of the Caucasus plays a very important role in the history of compiling grammar books. This region was either the motherland of the authors or the host of the non-native authors who settled in that area. .

The method of Grammer-Translation, which originally consists of two separate parameters: Teaching Grammer and Translation, has so far been studied as a physical platform. Knowing the history of this kind of teaching method means precisely understanding its specifications and different capabilities in accelerating the content transmission. Perceiving how to create, develop and make profound the written abilities of language in real environment of learning helps to use the method of Grammer-Translation in e-platform in suitable and effective ways. In learning especially in language learning, using the physical environment of teaching or using the specific method is not very important, but the main issue is to what degree can we arrive to the supposed goals of language learning courses. In the present article application of the method of Grammer Translation has been comparitively carried out for physical and e-platform.

Shortly after gulf war (G.W) thousands of war veterans referred with sign and symptoms of an unknown disease called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental and governmental centers this illness remains unclassified and can not be coded by international classification of disease (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found and the illness appears to be multifactorial and basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical warfare (C.W) and biological agents. This article reviews this illness and the adverse effects of D.U and B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.

Phililps as a wittgenstienian analitic philosopher in philosophy of religion consieders the language of religion as an unreal and uncognitive language. so he just counts the single way for understanding the meaning of theological items, to attention to the grammer of religious language. According to his positivist view points, he cant respect any meaning for religious terms( like the existence of Gool ). Without the usage ot those in the failhefull life and their faithfull context. he beliefs that we can just understand the meaning of " worshipping of Gool ", " transcdence of God ", " Grace of God ", " love of God " and " love to God " by considering the context that these terms have used in that. And by attention to the usage of them in the life style of religious persons. But some of the other analitic philosophers in philosophy of religion have critieized his view point: 1 ) they exhibit the paradox between absoluteness of beliving to existence of God and having the instrumental attitude to this belief. 2 ) belief in Author denys the God that has been created by the style life of belivers. 3) from their points of views, Phillips has mixed between belief and act. 4) they belief that the absoluteness of objectivity of God denys its dependence to the mind. 5) they reject the identity of meaning and usage about the religious terms.

Easy access to social media enables users to express their opinions and ideology about various topics like news, videos, and personalities freely, without any fear, and often in an offensive manner. It is a vital task to detect comments with offensive language on social media platforms and relies on a complete and comprehensive tagged dataset. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce and make publicly available PerBOLD, a new Persian comment dataset collected from Instagram as a popular platform among Iranian. We follow a two-level manual annotation process in order to determine whether a comment has offensive language or not and fine-grained tags of different types of offensive language. Furthermore, we present some interesting aspects of data and analysis them.

In this paper, a model of spoken word recognition is proposed. This model is particularly concerned with extraction of cues from the signal leading to a specification of a word in terms of bundles of distinctive features, which are assumed to be the building blocks of words. In the model proposed, auditory input is chunked into a set of successive time slices. It is assumed that the derivation of the underlying word pattern proceeds in three layers: Features, phonemes, words. The feature layer has a complete set of feature detectors at every time slice. In this layer, the detection of the underlying pattern of distinctive features from the speech signal proceeds 'in three steps. In the first step, numerical values for features are obtained measuring acoustic attributes in each time slice. The acoustic attributes are either acoustic landmarks corresponding to articulator-free features which are identified, based on amplitude changes in various energy bands, or acoustic cues in the vicinity of the landmarks corresponding to articulator-bound features. Continuous perceptual feature values are, then processed into a much more structured representation, namely phonological surface structure. This is carried out in Perception Grammar as suggested by Boersma (1998). In the third step, a further processing is carried out. to turn the discrete representation into an abstract one yielding the underlying pattern of distinctive features. The next layer of the model has a complete set of phoneme detectors for every three time slices, but each set spans six time slices so the sets overlap. This means that the detection of adjacent phonemes will also overlap; this is supposed to simulate coarticulation The top layer has a complete set of word detector centered on every three time slices; again, the sets overlap, the number of time slices per word detector is variable because it depends on the length of each individual word.